Summary of Strategies

1.

 Making the complimenting statement

• Making the complimenting statement
• Using appropriate complimenting expressions according to the interlocutor and the situation (Ex. 3, 4, 6, 9, all others)

2.

 Using an appropriate level of politeness throughout the interaction (Ex.1. 2, 9, 10)

3.

 Abiding by the cultural norms for complimenting

• Phrasing a compliment appropriately according to the interlocutor (Ex. 1, 9)
• Maintaining an appropriate distance (Ex.1, 2, 9)
• Avoiding complimenting family members at the presence of a third party (Ex. 5)
• Adhering to the typical frequency of compliments (Ex. 8)

4.

 Using an appropriate tone of voice

• Using intensifiers and pronounce them emphatically
• Extending the compliment again if rejected (Ex. 8)

1.

 Making the response statement

• Making the response statement
• Using appropriate response expressions according to the interlocutor and the situation (Ex. 6, 7)

2.

 Using an appropriate level of politeness throughout the interaction (Ex. 6, 10)

3.

 Using compliment response strategies

• Disagreeing with a compliment (Ex.. 6)
• Thanking (Ex.. 6, 7, 10)
• Providing no answer or shifting topics (Ex. 6, 7)
• Providing positive comments (Ex. 7)
• Questioning (Ex. 7, 10)
• Returning a compliment (Ex. 7)
• Offering background information (Ex. 7)
• Shifting credit to others (Ex. 7)
• Expressing surprise (Ex. 7)
• Downgrading (Ex. 7)
• Making a joke (Ex. 7)
• Disagreeing (Ex. 7)
• Doubting the sincerity of compliments (Ex. 7)

1.

 Finding an informant (a native or non-native expert of the culture) who can answer your questions regarding  sociolinguistic or sociocultural norms in the target language/culture.

2.

 Listening to other speakers carefully to observe the cultural norms and language of their speech.  Making your own  hypotheses or hunches regarding appropriate use of the target language and being willing to renew them as  necessary. 

3.

 Finding resources that can inform you of the target language and culture.