This CARLA webpage has been archived and is no longer being updated.
Please visit the current CARLA website at: carla.umn.edu.

Reference: Activity 3


Communication strategies


Learners can use communication strategies when they encounter obstacles due to their limited linguistic knowledge. When learners do not know the exact vocabulary word they need, they can use communication strategies to get their message across.

In the following table, you can find linguistic expressions that were used by the learners to refer to objects and relationships they did not know a word for.


Task

Context

Linguistic Expression

1 Jigsaw 36   S: 제 집, 어, 문, 제 집 문 옆에 아, 음 편지 가방 있어요.
37 A:                                                                            [으흠
38      어, 제 집이 어 우체통이 없어서
39 S: [<속삭임> O.K.
편지 가방
(a mail bag)
2 Jigsaw 49 S: 음, 또 어 제 집, 어 위, 어 위에 음(..) 아마, 텔레비전(..)
50 ((손모양)) 텔레비전 꽃? <웃음> 있어요? <웃음>
51 A: <웃음> 음, 어 (.) 어, 제 집은 이것은 어 없어요. <웃음>
Gesture
텔레비전 꽃
(television flower)
3 Jigsaw 75 S: ((손동작)) 하루 볼 수 있어요?
76 A: 하늘? 어, 어,  조금 봐요. <웃음>
Gesture
하루 (one day)
4 Jigsaw 88 S: 음, 제 집 앞에, 어, 어이구. 음. 어, 이름 잘 모르겠어요.
89    음, 음, 사람 어 이상, 이상한 사람 어, 집에 못 가요.
90    왜냐하면, 어, 이거 있어요.
이상한 사람 집에 못 가요.
(A stranger cannot go to the house.)
5 Interview
(Sophia)
12 S: 어 몰라요. 조금(.) 쉬었어요?
13 I:  쉬웠어요?
14 S: 쉬웠어요.
쉬었어요
(took a rest)
6 Interview
(Sophia)
45 S: 어 엄(.) 아마 영어 어 (..) 영어 (..) 조, 좋, 좋게 했어요?
46 I:  음
47 S: = 어 좋으게?
48 I: 조금?
49 S: 잘 했어요.
*좋게
*좋으게
(well)
7 Interview
(Anna B)
49 I: 어, 애나 씨는 어, 교실 밖에서 한국어를 말해요?
50 A: (….) 암(.) 다시 한 번?
51 I: 예, 아, 한국어 교실 밖에서 한국어를 이야기해요?
52 A: <속삭임> 교실, 교실.
다시 한 번?
(one more time?)
8 Interview
(Anna B)
79 I: 애나 씨는 한국어 말고 다른 외국어를 공부한 적이 있어요?
80 A: 음(…) 다른 ?
81 I: 음, 다른 언어, 영어, 한국어 말고 다른 언어를 공부했어요?
다른?
(different?)
9 Question
(Anna B)
72    A: 철? 절팔?
73     I: 절팔 뭐예요?
*철, 절팔?
10 Question
(Anna B)
74    A: 아 (.) 그 남자?
75     I: 네.
76    A: = 아(.) 그 남자들은 아(.) 소녀를 아(.) 가지고(.) 갔어요. <웃음>
77    I: 아, 네. 이 남자들이, 이 경찰들이 소녀를 구할 거예요.
그 남자?
(the man)


For each expression above, indicate in the table below:
  1. what the intended meaning was, based on the context,
  2. what communication strategies were used, and
  3. whether you think the learners might have acquired some aspect of Korean through using that strategy in interaction.

Produced

Intended

CS type

Acquisition?

1 편지 가방
2 텔레비전 꽃
3 하루
4 이상한 사람 집에 못 가요
5 쉬었어요
6 좋게, 좋으게
7 다시 한 번?
8 다른?
9 철? 절팔?
10 그 남자?

  1. Discuss ways in which use of communication strategies might, or might not, lead to second language acquisition.
    Please type your answers to the questions in the box below.

When you have finished typing your answer, click to compare your response with the Learner Language staff response.

1-2-3. Compare with the responses of the CARLA project staff:

Produced

Intended

CS type

Acquisition?

1

편지 가방

우체통

Word coinage

Maybe

2

텔레비전 꽃

접시 안테나

Word coinage, gesture

No

3

하루

하늘

Approximation, gesture

Yes

4

이상한 사람 집에 못 가요

울타리

Circumlocution

No

5

쉬었어요

쉬웠어요

Approximation

Yes

6

좋게, 좋으게

Approximation

Yes

7

다시 한 번?

교실

Appeal

Maybe

8

다른?

다른

Appeal (repetition)

Maybe

9

철? 절팔?

경찰

Approximation

No

10

그 남자?

경찰

Circumlocution

Maybe

  1. If a communication strategy elicits input from the interlocutor, it could promote acquisition. Here gestures, appeals and approximations seem to be more effective in eliciting input: an appropriate word from the interlocutor. In particular, pronunciation approximations are more likely to draw a correct pronunciation from the interlocutor. However, as we see in example 9, if the approximate pronunciation is quite different from the intended pronunciation, it may not work well. When this happens, the learner, Anna B, attempts a follow-up strategy, circumlocution, shown in example 10.

    The communication strategies of word coinage and circumlocution do not seem to be as effective in eliciting more native-like input from the interlocutor. This might be because the interlocutor understands what the speaker intended through substitute words (word coinages and circumlocutions) and may not feel it is necessary to provide more native like ones. On the other hand, if a circumlocution strategy explains the function of a reference, it can require learners to produce more complex syntax. As shown in example 4, Sophia uses a relative clause ‘이상한 사람 (a stranger)’ to explain the function of a fence. In that case, the use of circumlocution strategies does not restrict opportunities for vocabulary learning, but provides needs for more complex syntax.

 

CARLA Mailing List Signup Contact CARLA CARLA Events Donate to CARLA CARLA on Facebook CARLA on YouTube Twitter
Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition (CARLA) • 140 University International Center • 331 - 17th Ave SE • Minneapolis, MN 55414